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Толковый словарь английского языка Oxford English Reference - absolute

 

Absolute

absolute
adj. & n. --adj. 1 complete, utter, perfect (an absolute fool; absolute bliss). 2 unconditional, unlimited (absolute authority). 3 despotic; ruling arbitrarily or with unrestricted power (an absolute monarch). 4 (of a standard or other concept) universally valid; not admitting exceptions; not relative or comparative. 5 Gram. a (of a construction) syntactically independent of the rest of the sentence, as in dinner being over, we left the table; let us toss for it, loser to pay. b (of an adjective or transitive verb) used or usable without an expressed noun or object (e.g. the deaf, guns kill). 6 (of a legal decree etc.) final. --n. Philos. 1 a value, standard, etc., which is objective and universally valid, not subjective or relative. 2 (prec. by the) a Philos. that which can exist without being related to anything else. b Theol. ultimate reality; God. Phrases and idioms absolute alcohol Chem. ethanol free from water or other impurities. absolute magnitude the magnitude, i.e. brightness, of a celestial body as seen at a standard distance of 10 parsecs (opp. apparent magnitude). absolute majority 1 a majority over all others combined. 2 more than half. absolute pitch Mus. 1 the ability to recognize the pitch of a note or produce any given note. 2 a fixed standard of pitch defined by the rate of vibration. absolute temperature one measured from absolute zero. absolute zero a theoretical lowest possible temperature, at which the particles whose motion constitutes heat would be minimal, calculated as -273.15 °C (or 0 °K). Derivatives absoluteness n. Etymology: ME f. L absolutus past part.: see ABSOLVE
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1.
  adjective Etymology: Middle English absolut, from Anglo-French, from Latin absolutus, from past participle of absolvere to set free, absolve Date: 14th century 1. free from imperfection ; perfect , free or relatively free from mixture ; pure , outright, unmitigated , being, governed by, or characteristic of a ruler or authority completely free from constitutional or other restraint , 3. standing apart from a normal or usual syntactical relation with other words or sentence elements , standing alone without a modified substantive , having no object in the particular construction under consideration though normally transitive , having no restriction, exception, or qualification , positive, unquestionable , 6. independent of arbitrary standards of measurement, relating to or derived in the simplest manner from the fundamental units of length, mass, and time , relating to, measured on, or being a temperature scale based on ~ zero , fundamental, ultimate , perfectly embodying the nature of a thing , being self-sufficient and free of external references or relationships , being the true distance from an aircraft to the earth's surface , ~ noun ~ness noun ...
Толковый словарь английского языка

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